Al Green How to mend a broken heart

Uncle Sam-Introduction

Uncle Sam has been through many ups and downs. Uncle Sam is 324 years old. He has been through many arrhythmia like the Civil War, War of 1812, World War I and II. Some flat lines that the United States have had are The panic of 1819 and Great Depression which was were there were in a period of financial crisis. Uncle Sam has glaucoma because he can't take care of those countries that are facing difficulties at the time. He also suffers from poweritis because with Uncle Sam having a lot of power it only wants to have more instead of giving some to others. It's basically a struggle for each country to gain more power.

Checks and balances

One event between 1787 and 1860 was the Marbury vs Madison. Marbury was appointed be John Adams but his commission wasn't delivered. This is an example of checks and balances because the Supreme Court reviewed the acts of Congress and determined whether they are unconstitutional. This formed a judicial review.

An event between 1860 and 1945 was Munn v. Illinois (1877). This case dealt with corporate rates and agriculture. Munn had been found guilty by an Illinois court of violating the state laws for the fixing charges on the storage of grain. The case also dealt with laws governing railroad rates.

An event between 1945 an 2009 was Brown vs Board of education. This case was so that there could be integrated schools. Brown said that the 14th amendment which guarantees all citizens equal protection of the laws was being violated. This helped achieve integration and gave more importance to the civil rights movement.

Alexander Hamilton- Important for New York and the United States

Alexander Hamilton was the first United States Secretary of the Treasury, a Founding Father, economist, and political philosopher. Alexander Hamilton created a national bank that would assume the debt from the revolutionary war and that way improving the economy. Alexander Hamilton saved the United States was when he voted for Adams in the election of 1796. He used his vision in the election because even though he didn't like Adams he voted for him because he knew he was right for the country. Hamilton saved the United States was when he wrote the Federalist papers. He used his vision and influence because the Federalist Papers were written so that the state of New York will ratify the Constitution. Aaron Burr was charged with treason for a conspiracy to get capitalization in Texas if there was to be a war with Spain. That he would have an army to fight with and that he would claim that land his. He wrote about half of the Federalist Papers, which secured its ratification by New York.

Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt was the 26th president of the United States. He did many things as president such as the Monroe Doctrine and the Panama Canal. He is mostly recognized for doing these two things because they helped shape the United States as a world power. He was a leader of the Republican Party and founder of the Progressive Party of 1912. He ran for three terms, he was president from 1901-1909 and ran the third time through the Progressive Party but it was useless. The Monroe Doctrine said that European countries could not colonize any more countries in the Western Hemisphere and if they did then the United States would have to intervene. The Panama Canal allowed him to have a better relationship with other countries in South America. He also negotiated the end of the Russo-Japanese War and won the Nobel Peace Prize. After Roosevelt left office he had an expedition in South America. He saw the Amazon Jungle and other things but he contracted malaria which later led to his death. Theodore making the Panama Canal was controversial because he started out a revolution so that he could be able to do it. Theodore Roosevelt also made the Square Deal it dealt with the conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection. Theodore Roosevelt participated in the Spanish-American War which is why he was popular when running for president because he was an intelligent person when dealing with war.

Woodrow Wilson

Woodrow Wilson was the 28th President of the United States. He ran for president and his opponents were Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft. His main goal in his campaign was to make the Federal Reserve System. He was concentrated only on doing this because it would help against any new economic crisis that would occur in the United States. He passed this to help the economy because of the economic difficulties that the Panic of 1907 had left behind. His main goal was to have the Federal Reserve System so that we can be prepared for any other financial crisis. He also passed the Underwood tariff which lowered the federal income tax. He dealt with Mexico, Haiti, Cuba and Panama. The U.S. troops had troops in Nicaragua where they passed the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty. He was involved in World War I were he was forced to enter because of the attacks on United States civilians on ships in Europe. He was part of the Peace Conference in 1919 and fought for the League of Nations. Wilson was involved in the Federal Reserve Act, Federal Trade Commission, the Clayton Antitrust Act, the Federal Farm Loan Act and the Revenue Act of 1913.
He visited Paris in 1919 in order to create the League of Nations and for the Treaty of Versailles. He also made the 14 points which dealt with ending World War I and maintaining peace for after. In a speech to Congress on January 8, 1918, Wilson said America's war aims. He created the Seaman's Act of 1915 improved working conditions for merchant sailors.

The New Deal

The New Deal was a series of social, economic, and governmental reforms initiated by the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression of the 1930s. The New Deal was done so that the country would be fix. It focused on the construction of dams, state park facilities, and a wide range of other public facilities throughout the United States. New Deal work crews helped to build homes, pave roads, and build public structures, among many other things. The New Deal also established Social Security. Roosevelt pushed for a balance budget, he was conservative. He encouraged America to get involved in the Second World War, because he knew that it would revitalize the American economy. A "Second New Deal" in 1934-35 included the Wagner Act to promote labor unions, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) relief program, the Social Security Act, and new programs to help farmers and migrant workers. The Supreme Court ruled several programs unconstitutional however they were fixed. I think the New Deal brought many good things like the Social Security Act, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and the Securities Act of 1933. The New Deal helped create more jobs and slowly got us out of our financial problems.

Harry S. Truman

Harry S. Truman was the 33rd President of the United States. He was vice president during Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency and he succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when President Roosevelt died less than three months after beginning his fourth term. During World War I, Truman served as an artillery officer, making him the only president to be in combat in World War I. Truman's presidency involved with the World War II and he decided to use nuclear weapons against Japan, he was involved with the United Nations, the Marshall Plan, the Truman Doctrine, the Cold War, the Berlin Airlift, the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Chinese Civil War, and the Korean War. He made the fair deal that dealt with the national health insurance, a minimum wage increase, and it extended many new deal programs. The Berlin airlift delivered food and other supplies, such as coal, using military airplanes on a massive scale.

Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States was to expand from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean. It was used by Democrats in the 1840s to justify the war with Mexico. The United States used Manifest Destiny when Texas gained their independence and when they wanted to become a state of the U.S. Polk moved to occupy a portion of Texas which part of Mexico which started the Mexican-American War. Another way that the United States used Manifest Destiny was with the Louisiana Purchase which allowed us to gain most of the territory in the West of the United States today. The states that we gained from the Louisiana Purchase were, Louisiana, Missouri, Arkansas, Texas, Iowa, Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Oklahoma, and New Mexico.

Third Parties

1)Populist- a member of a political party claiming to represent the common people. The goal of the Populists in 1892 was replacing Democrats as the nation's second party by forming an alliance with the farmers of the West and South, and industrial workers of the East.
2)Progressives- The Progressive party was formed by Theodore Roosevelt. They nominated Roosevelt for president and he finished ahead of the Republicans but lost to the Democrats and because of this he left to the Republican Party.
3)Socialists- The Socialist Party was a democratic socialist political party. It was formed by both the ideals of the Democratic Party and the Socialist Labor Party. Eugene V. Debs was one of the Founding members.
4)Eugene V. Debs- He was a part of the Socialist Party and was a founding member. Debs was elected chairman of the Executive Board of National Council, the board which governed the party. He ran for President of the United States and always received good amount of the popular vote but never the electoral vote.

Important Cases of the Supreme Court

1)Munn v. Illinois- Munn had been found guilty by an Illinois court of violating the state laws for the fixing charges on the storage of grain.
2)Wabash v. Illinois- The court said that the state didn't have the power to regulate interstate rates for railroads and this led to the Interstate Commerce Commission. The Interstate Commerce Commission which controlled shipping rates for railroads.
3) Plessy v. Ferguson- Homer Plessy was part black and white he rode on a car that was only for use of white people. When he was asked to leave he refused so he was arrested and thrown in jail. Homer Plessy said that the East Louisiana Railroad had denied him his rights of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution. Homer lost the case because they said that the Fourteenth Amendment treated both whites and blacks equally because whites can't sit in a railroad car that's for blacks.
4)Standard Oil v. United States- This was a case the Supreme Court found the Standard Oil guilty of controlling the petroleum industry by abusive ways. The court's decision was to divide Standard Oil into several firms.
5)Brown v. Board of Education- This case was for African Americans to go to the same school as white people. For all students from any race to have equal rights to choose where they could study.

Reflection- Grants tomb and Riverside Church

My reflection of both Grant and Riverside is positive. Ulysses Grant was a strongly believed that everyone should have equal rights and his campaign slogan was "let us have peace". He served in the Mexican-American War and in the Civil War. He was one of the most influential presidents to African Americans. In 1869 and 1871, he signed bills to approve black voting rights and prosecuting Klan leaders. He also passed the law Civil Rights Act of 1875, which gave equal treatment in public and jury to everyone. Riverside church is full of American History and has had a lot of influence on the African American community. Great people like Martin Luther King Jr, Nelson Mandela, Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton have been there. This church was where Martin Luther King gave a speech against the Vietnam War. Bill Clinton went to this church when he was running for president while Hillary Clinton went here when she became the New York Senator. I think that both Grant and Riverside are positive because Grant helped protect black peoples rights and worked at helping the country during Reconstruction. The Riverside Church was a foundation for African Americans that gave them a way to express themselves through religion. Also influential people like Martin Luther King attended the church because it was a way to show the world how we can come together to find ways to get peace. The topic which Martin Luther King was dealing with was the Vietnam War which he was against he wanted it to end. Both Grant and Martin Luther King Jr. have been great people that have change all aspects of American History.

My Starting Five

1. Point guard- George Washington, he was the commander in the revolutionary war and the first president of the United States. He is in charge of seeing that his team has the best offense. He is in charge of leading his team to victory. Since George Washington was in the military than he has the elements to be the strongest and fastest player in the team.

2. Shooting guard- Alexander Hamilton. He wrote the Federalist Papers and was the first United States Secretary of the Treasury. He is in charge of scoring points for his team. He joined a militia in the Revolutionary War and he was the lieutenant which makes him ideal for scoring the points.

3. Small forward- Thomas Jefferson. He was the third president of the United States. Because he is tall he is able to get rebounds and steal the ball away from his opponents.

4. Power forward- John Adams. He is the second president of the United States and is in charge of playing offensively but helping out Benjamin Franklin to protect their teams basket.

5. Center- Benjamin Franklin. He was one of the Founding Fathers and is in charge of protecting his teams basket.

Important Key Terms

1)Meat Inspection Act- This act was made to make sure that meat and meat products when slaughtered would be done under sanitary conditions. Animals that were slaughtered were supposed to pass an inspection by the U.S. Drug Administration. Slaughterhouses and processing plants had to make sure that everything ran good under the sanitary standards.
2)Pure Food and Drug Act- This was made to stop the making and selling of products that were falsely labeled and also products such as food, medicines, and liquors that were poisonous.
3)Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act- The act provided government jobs based on competitive exams and not political relations.
4)Interstate Commerce Act- This act was made in 1887 to control railroad corporations across the nation. It controlled shipping rates and made sure that large business could not discriminate smaller corporations.
5)Sherman Antitrust Act- The Sherman Antitrust Act was made to prohibit trusts. The purpose of the act was to stop people from harming other competition.
6)Federal Reserve Act- This act was made as a precaution in case of financial panic and bank problems. It was made so that events such as the Panic of 1907 and the Great Depression could be handled efficiently. It made more jobs, better prices, and long term interest rates.
7) Clayton Antitrust Act- It was passed by the U.S. Congress as an amendment to add more things to the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. The act provided exclusive sales contracts, rebates, and cutting down their products prices to beat their competition. The act restricted the injunction of labor. It legalized peaceful strikes and boycotts.
8) Secret Ballot- A secret ballot is a voting method in an election where your vote is kept confidential. It's used so that the voter won't be bribed or intimidated when making their vote.
9)Hepburn Act- This act strengthened railroad regulations. It increased the size of the Interstate Commerce Commission from five to seven members, it didn't allow free passes, made terminals, storage facilities, pipelines and ferries.
10)Elkins Act- This act provided prosecution and punishment to railroad corporations. This also said that railroad corporations were to never cut down the prices that they would put.
11)Square Deal- It handled the problems between businesses and society. It gave fair transactions between them.
12)16th Amendment- The 16th Amendment states that Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes.
13)17th Amendment- The 17th Amendment says that each state should have two Senators whose term consist of six years.
14)18th Amendment- The 18th Amendment prohibits the manufacture and sale of alcohol in America.
15)19th Amendment- The 19th Amendment gives women the right to vote. It says that it prohibits any state from denying a citizen the right to vote just because of the person's sex.
16) Underwood Tariff Act- The Underwood Tariff Act reduced tariffs and made an income tax. It charged American Manufacturers who wanted to sell their products overseas.

The Fifties

The Korean War was a domestic affair. It was important because it caused a lot of xenophobia in the U.S. The immediate action that was taken was that Japanese were put into camps just for suspicion of being spies.

The Red Scare was a domestic affair. It was an important event because it shows how we are afraid of foreigners and communism and how we had to take action against them.

The sane and insane system were domestic affairs. These are actions taken to stay aware of attacks.

Civil Rights Movement was a domestic affair. It was important because it was lead by many great people like Martin Luther King Jr, and Malcolm X. Martin Luther King Jr. made the famous I have a dream speech and Malcolm X was involved in the Nation of Islam.

Communism was a domestic affair. It was important because it would spread and it would go against democracy.

The Cold War was a foreign affair that occurred during the 1950s. This event was important because it was the arms race to see whether Russia or the United States were the superior power.

Sputnik was also a foreign affair. This event was important because it was the race in technology between Russia and the United States. They had the first satellite and this encouraged Americans to advance in technology.

The Red Scare was a foreign affair. This was an important because we were afraid of communism.

Cuban Revolution was a foreign affair. It was important because it was a revolt lead by Fulgencio Batista and Fidel Castro. This event was important because it now has a great impact because Fidel is in favor of communism and became a dictator.

Chinese Civil War was a foreign affair. It was important because it was the communist party of china. Marshall said that American efforts could not stop the war. Marshall was made Secretary of State in President Truman's Cabinet.

Conclusion

Throughout the year we have been learning about the 8 themes and 10 topics. The 8 themes were conflict, cultural diffusion, government, geography, migration, religion, trade and economics, peace and justice. The ten topics covered Exploration and Colonization, the American Revolution and the Constitution, Political and Sectional Difficulties, Civil War and Reconstruction, The Gilded Age, Wars and World Power Status, The Great Depression and the New Deal Legacy, The Civil Rights Movement, Modern American Issues, and the African American Latino Perspective. We covered the terms of many presidents and each of their accomplishments like Abraham Lincoln's, Andrew Johnson, Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Richard Nixon. We covered the Civil War, the War of 1812, the Spanish American War, The Mexican American War, World War I and II, Vietnam War, Korean War, and many more. We also found out how the black man is the center of American History because of all the suffered from slavery and from all the human rights activist like Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. We also learned of the Industrial Age and how the United States became a World Power. Overall we learned a lot of things about the United States and the people who have contributed to it's history.